Method of treating oils



Sept. 4, 1951 1 4 F JR 2,567,106

METHOD OF TREATING OILS Filed Sept. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 o O 0 I90 215 HIGH FREQUENCY HEATING 0 g g g 8 8 3 8 3 2 S 3 9 A INVENTOR JOHN R. FISHER JR.

MMM

ATTORNEYQ FIG. I

CHINA WOOD OIL P 4, 1951 J. R. FISHER, JR 2,567,106

METHOD OF TREATING OILS Filed Sept. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQR N JOHN R. FISHER JR.

BY (2 3 U- S ATTORNEYS p 1951 J. R. FISHER, JR 2,567,106

METHOD OF TREATING OILS Filed Sept. 6, 1946 I5 Sheets-Sheet 5 I) O O O O O o O O O g g g Q Q h 0 I) q IO N Q o rm IO o o o o o c o o o- 2 O N g g g a: o w n w N 265' 215' zas' INVENTOR JOHN R FISHER JR.

ATTO RN EYS FIG. v 3

Patented Sept. 4, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD OF TREATING OILS John R. Fisher, J r., Dayton, Ohio, assignor to The Commonwealth Engineering Company of Ohio, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application September 6, 1946, Serial No. 695,211

4 Claims. (Cl. 260407) 1 2 This invention deals with a method of treat- TABLE 1A ing oils, and in particular with a method of bodying drying oils.

It is an object of this invention to provide a method of treating drying oils in which an in- 5 'fi i e titif vlsrggigm crease of viscosity may be obtained in a very short period of time. Min. "F.

It is another object of this invention to pro- $8 1'32 vide a method of treating drying oils by which 30 262 35 oils are obtained that have the advantageous 10 $8 1-; properties of conventionally heat-bodied and of so 215 41-53 air-blown oil combined.

It is another object of this invention to pro- 90 293 4110 vide drying oils which, when mixed with the 3g 33; $33 customary ingredients for composing a varnish, 0 0 yield varnishes which dry to an extremely tough and highly flexible coating. TABLE 13 It is still another object of this invention to provide a drying oil which, when admixed with CHINA'WOOD fi fiE HEAT the usual ingredients, yields varnishes which are extremely fast drying.

These and other objects are accomplished by 'fi' l o il l gi e exposing the oils to a high frequency field.

In carrying out the method of my invention, the oil is placed into a non-conductive con-' Q8 5 2;, tainer, and two electrodes, for example copper 2:5 electrodes, are inserted therein. The electrodes 50 267 3 are connected with a high frequency oscillator, 38 and the oil is thus subjected to a high frequency 80 263 4151 field. The frequency and the intensity of the 38 current are not critical; however, a current of no 275 4.70 substantially 9 megacycles and 0.7 ampere was 120 found most satisfactory. The oils were treated for two hours in each case, and samples for de- TABLE 2A termining the viscosity were taken every ten min- CASTOR OIL-HIGH FREQUENCY TREATMENT utes. In each case, for the sake of comparison,

an experiment was also carried out in which the v oil was subjected to the conventional heat-bodyggg gfij 2mg mg processes. 40

In the following tables, the results of some of Mm O the treatments by the process of my invention 10 241 -08 are compiled. Table 1A gives the results of vis- 2; cosity measurements, in poises, made every ten g8 minutes with high-frequency treated China wood 265 9130 oil and Table 1B the corresponding results with gag g: conventionally heat-treated China wood oil, 255 9.76 Tables 2A and 2B give the analogous results for Q3 3;;2 castor oil and Tables 3A and 33 those for oiticica 260 1 -70 011. 60

CHINA-WOOD OIL-HIGH FREQUENCY TREATMENT case is indicated in broken lines.

Heating Tem rature Viscosity in Time oi Oil 1 Poises Min F.

- TABLE 3A OITICICA OIL-HIGH FREQUENCY TREATMENT Heating Temperature Viscosity in Time Oil Poises Min. F.

240 4. 40 253 6. 50 247 I. 27 282 7. 06 B0 275 7. 06 so 270 7. 06 70 m 7. 00 I) 276 I. 84 90 217 8.84

M 26 I. 84 a no 22 i0. 70

, TABLE 33 OITICICA OIL-CONVENTIONAL HEAT TREATMENT Heating 'lem rature Viscosity in Time 0 Oil Poises Mm F.

, also considered. There, the function between temperature and treating time is shown in full lines, and the corresponding viscosity in each It is obvious that the curve in diagram C progresses towards a high viscosity in a shorter period of time than does the curve of diagram B.

Figure 2 demonstrates the results of the same treatment, but with raw castor oil. There, the difference between the two processes is even more pronounced. Diagram 23 shows that after approximately 90 minutes the viscosity comes oil, which is the oil used in the instance of Figure 3. The diagram 3A, after a two hours treatment, shows a difference of viscosities from 7 to almost 11 for the conventionally treated oil and the oil treated according to the invention, respectively.

The process of my invention was found to be operative for all drying oils. The time required for obtaining a prede.ermined viscosity is considerably reduced and consequently also the cost of such oils. Moreover, the oils treated by the high-frequency method have qualities superior to those heat-bodied in the conventional manner. This is especially obvious in varnishes which have been made from the oils obtained by the process of my invention. Such varnishes derived from oils of my invention are extremely tough and flexible. This feature of high flexibility is particularly important if the varnish is to be applied to flexible base materials, for instance for manufacturing oilcloth. A further advantage of the new me.hod is that the oils can be stored for a practically unlimited period of time without the risk of solidification. This is valuable particularly in the case of oiticica oil which. when treated otherwise by any of the conventional methods, solidifies in a very short time and thus becomes worthless during storage.

One of the varnishes made from the oils pre-- pared by the method of the invention and found highly satisfactory is the following:

Example The varnish obtained from the above mixture was applied to the base material and then baked at 200 F. for 1 hour and thereafter baked under infrared light for 15 minutes. The coating obtained was very tough and durable and showed a high degree of flexibility.

It will be understood that while there have been described herein certain specific embodiments of the invention, it is not intended thereby to have it limited to or circumscribed by the details given, since the invention is susceptible to various modifications and changes which come within the spirit of the disclosure and the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a method of treating fatty vegetable drying oils, the step of exposing the oil to a highfrequency electric field of substantially 9 megacycles and 0.7 ampere for two hours.

2. In a method of treating oi.icica oil, the step of exposing the oil to a high-frequency electric I field of substantially 9 megacycle's and 0.7 ampere for two hours.

JOHN R. FISHER. JR.

. REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number 6 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 508,913 Great Britain July 7, 1939 5 OTHER REFERENCES Ellis, Hydrogenation of Org. Substance, Van Nostrand, 3d ed. 1930, pp. 616-624.

Kirchrath, 11 H. Seifensieder-Ztg. 1938, 65, pp.

682-683. 10 Zelenin, Masioboino Zhirovoe Delo, 16 No. 4,

I Name Date Richardson A118. 1, 1939 18-23 (1940), C. A. 1941, 919.

Luster Sept. 30, 1941 Olive, T. R., Chem. 8: Met. Eng. April 1943 pp. Waldie Dec. 30, 1941 102-104. I

Hemminz Dec. 12, 1944 Industrial in Eng. Chem. 36, 1944, pp. 440-447. 'Waldie et a1. Nov. 26, 1946 1 Auer Apr. 8, 1947 Beirut: et a1. A118. 10, 1948 

1. IN A METHOD OF TREATING FATTY VEGETABLE DRYING OILS, THE STEP OF EXPOSING THE OIL TO A HIGHFREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELD OF SUBSTANTIALLY 9 MEGACYCLES AND 0.7 AMPERE FOR TWO HOURS. 